Abbas, Hakima, and Nana Ndeda. 2009. “Aid and Reparations: Power in the Development Discourse.” In Aid to Africa: Redeemer or Coloniser?, Cape Town, Daka r, Nairobi and Oxford: Pambazuka Press, 76–92.

This paper examines the relationship between reparation and aid in Africa, and argues that aid cannot be considered a countervailing course for redress given that it is founded on the very principles of power and economic inequity between a ‘donor’ and ‘ recipient’ that entrench, rather than level, the global dynamic that the crimes o f colonialism, apartheid and slavery created.
It is for these very crimes and their effects that African peoples are due reparation. The paper will focus on aid by ‘traditional’’ Western powers rather than attempt to encompass emerging global donors.

Balasco, L. M. (2016). Reparative development: Re-conceptualising reparations in transitional justice processes. The International Journal of Human Rights, 21(9), 1224-1246.

Balasco (2018) acknowledges the failures and setbacks of existing reparations programs and argues for the reconceptualization of reparations programs as a means of enhancing their effectiveness in order to improve the democratization and development of a society. Balasco (2018: 5) states “….by recogni[z]ing the potential contributions of transnational justice to development, we will be in a better position to address the long-term socioeconomic needs of victims of violence and their families”. For Balasco, reparative development is situated in human security and thus reparative development is satiated in confronting  human insecurities.

Dixon, P. J. (2015). Reparations, assistance and the experience of justice: Lessons from Colombia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 9(2), 250-269.

Dixon does not separate or see symbolic and material reparations as mutually exclusive. Dixon argues that development projects and aid can appear very similar to reparation programs in practice, despite being theoretically distinct.